Research Critique Part 2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Research Critique Part 2 - Essay Example The study is from the journal of the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists published in 2006. While HPV-16 vaccine has been shown to significantly prevent persistent HPV infections, the ultimate objective of the study is to validate whether the vaccine is also effective to prevent cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) 2-3. In this study, risks and benefits especially on the use of placebo were identified and presented to participants. Voluntary participation was noted and participants were tested on HPV-16 infection before the onset of the study. Institutional approval was also obtained for a period of up to 48 months. Furthermore, informed consent was secured from the participating women and was readily available for revocation once the participant opts to withdraw from the study. In fact, 94 women were actually dropped from the list of participants due to consent withdrawal. Thus, although the study aimed at producing an acceptable evidence to promote the utilization of HPV-16 vaccine, human rights were still taken as of primary importance and the rights of the participants to withdraw from the study was exercised. The variables are explicitly stated in the research title and resemble the exposure variable and outcome variable. The independent variable includes the type of treatment applied, either the vaccine or the placebo depending on what the participant actually received. The incidence of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) 2-3 was compared among the two treatment groups and therefore served as the dependent variable of the study. The data collection method was scheduled on day 1, month 7, and then 6-monthly thereafter until the 48th month. Genital samples for HPV-16 DNA, Pap tests, and antibody titers were collected during each collection time. This method was specifically formulated because CIN 2-3 may need a certain period

Explain and evaluate the Analogical Design Argument for God's Essay

Explain and evaluate the Analogical Design Argument for God's existence - Essay Example The adapting of such ways is in resemblance to the creation of human setup, its intelligence and wisdom. Due to the similarities, it is logical to say that God, who is nature’s author, is in some capacity similar to man’s mind though He has a higher capacity (Schick and Vaughn). Just like parts of a machine, the universe parts fit together perfectly to carry out various functions. The structure of an element is an example of how the analogy works; the atom is formed from sub-atomic particles. The atoms form molecules which then from an element. Just like machines that have designers, probably an engineer, the universe has its designer who is God. Paley’s analogy revolves around a stone and a watch. He argues that in the situation of being asked to explain the presence of a stone, he would easily state that it had lain there forever. However, had it been a watch on the ground, it would raise more questions as how it had gotten there. The first answer will be that it has been dropped there; unlike the stone which was assumed to be always lying there. The difference in assumption is attributed to the fact that the watch has parts that have been framed assembled for a specific purpose (Schick and Vaughn). The mechanism is that the watch had a maker that exists or had existed and had made it for a specific purpose and understands its construction and design. Paley’s argues that the universe resembles the watch and that every watch has a designer; hence, the universe most likely has a designer who is God. The universe was intended for a purpose and the designer had a goal that he intended to accomplish. When the designer needs a universe to attain that goal, the designer fails to be all powerful (Schick and Vaughn). The analogical design says that human artifacts are the works of an intelligent design. Moreover, the universe is similar to the human artifacts; hence, the universe is also a design of an intelligent being. Proponents of the

Models of Assessment for Elderly

Models of Assessment for Elderly Compare two models of assessment, planning, and coordination practice for working with disabled, older people, or a specific group of people. You need to select two models of assessment, planning, and coordination, and ensure that there is sufficient detail in both of your selections to cover all of the required components (assessment, planning, and coordination) Specific groups of people may include but is not limited to: Children and young people with high and complex needs ( uses CYCS definition ) People with autism spectrum disorders ( ASD ) People with cognitive impairments People with dementias People with dual diagnosis of disability and mental health needs People with multiple impairments Or you may wish to select an alternative group of people The models may include may include but not limited to: Strength-based models Social role valorization Rights Entitlements Needs assessment and service coordination Case management Care coordination NEEDS ASSESSMENT SERVICE COORDINATION This is an assessment program which provides comprehensive health needs assessment services and coordination for disabled people, people with mental health issues and old age people. They facilitate and identify support needs of an individual, provide support and services coordination individual needs and taking into the account of the family/whanau or carers. STRENGTHS: The main focus of the needs assessment is to identify the essential help needed by an individual person ensuring that health services utilizing its appropriate resources to improve the health of an individual in its most efficient way. This is the most useful process in classifying what specific needs is appropriate for an individual (people with dementia, children with high complex needs and people with mental issues) because the service coordinator provides detailed discussion and agreement to the individual and people involved in the treatment. Most relevant/specific to the community because it serves and help an individual to become independent as possible. WEAKNESSES: This approach is with time restrictions because the needs assessment may only take up one to two hours depending on the arrangement. The assessment does not warranty that the provision of all services may be rendered based on the individuals need because the commitment and resources can influence supporting needs. This service covers only for those who are eligible under this provision. ASSESSMENT: Needs Assessment Services and Coordination is developed by the Ministry of Health or District Health Board that provide provision of services for disabled people, people with mental health problems and older people who needs support according to their age. Generally they are essential to provide three services for an individual or specific group of people: They assist needs assessment Provide service planning and co-ordination Provide resource distribution within identified budget. PLANNING: Meet the purpose of the Ministry of Health needs assessment services and coordination standards, specification of services and MOH definite standards. Client involvement according to mental capacity. Involvement of family/whanau or carer. Based on individual appropriate behavior. COORDINATION SERVICES: Generally, services offered are personal care, household management, carer support, respite care, residential care and day care services. People aging 65 years of age and above and who are dependent in function and needs assistance with activities of daily living such as: People currently discharged from hospital which require short term support Individual under the care of Mental Health Services People with long term chronic condition People who needs palliative care and support. COMPARISON: PERSPECTIVE: Needs Assessment Services and Coordinator is a designated responsibility that aid proper needs assessment, allocate service coordination and budget governance for people aging 65 and above, and also those people who meet the standards for disability services. This scheme comprises approval process for right of entry to residential care. SUMMARY OF THE EXPECTED OUTCOME: This approach works with people who have identified with support needs such as people with disability, ageing people with high needs and people with mental health issues. NASC provide people support and use resources efficiently. The evaluator conducts comprehensive assessment to an individual including with the family. Thus the primary purpose of the Needs Assessment Service Coordination is to discover what type of need, support or services an individual is eligible in order for them to become independent as possible. CARE COORDINATION Care coordination indicates coordinating and supporting the person’s care and keeping it certain that there is team leader for the needs of that person. Care Coordination for Older People goals is to maintain the health and promote independence of older people residing in the community. Also this emphasizes the support for the old people to live in their residence. This work commence in collaboration with the Aged Adults Services, GP application, Acute DHB, Home and Community Support Services, Aged residential Care Providers. STRENGTHS: This approach covers intensive, timely assessments and reassessments with a minimum every 6 months or even as necessary. Decision making is coordinated across all settings of care and support Care Coordinator with extensive experience is working with aged people with disabilities. This approach is usually member centered care and support team including the family, GP, and caregivers. WEAKNESSES: This approach needs ongoing research for its effectiveness of care. Qualification of the member should be well trained, expert and skilled. Clinicians and specialists rarely exchange information and in non standard way thus an adverse outcome in patient cares. ASSESSMENT: Care Coordination Conducts inclusive primary assessment and re-assessment of an individual age group which identify member goals, needs, carer and services directing to the development of an individual plan of care. Coordination of decision making is required in all settings of care, support and services comprising of behavioral health, work, and social activities. Coordination team works toward meeting the unique needs of an individual or each member Coordinating right to use to community-based health support services for aged people living in New Zealand neither short or long term care. PLANNING: Adopt this care strategy that will present well-coordinated, person-oriented and focused on family services towards all settings. Family, friends and other caregivers should be supported and given opportunities to obtain the needed skills, knowledge and ideas to maintain the appropriate care for older adults. This model provides quality care for older adults focusing the whole person requiring an interdisciplinary group with proficiency in senility and gerontology. Provide therapeutic relationship with an individual, family, carer, GP and other people involve in interdisciplinary team. COORDINATION: Care Coordination focused on individuals with certain health issues, hospitalization condition and functional restrictions. Structured approach in dealing with individual with high support needs specifically older people. Consolidation of direct care workers into coordination of care initiates partnership among care providers, clients and the family/whanau. Team-based, interdisciplinary sustain open interactions, an individual feels that they are most supported and value of care develops. COMPARISON: PERSPECTIVE: Quality of life of older people and older adults focuses on the holistic view of an individual, the family, friends and other members of the care team, commencing group expertise in caring an elderly and gerontology emphasizing people who are fragile or have multiple health issues. Care coordination for older people optimizes function and quality of life for all individual keeping them to maintain their independence and dignity. SUMMARY OF EXPECTED OUTCOME: Care Coordination is an intended organization of patient care activities involving two or more participants. This model aids the proper delivery of health care services of an individual needs, support and services. Moreover, older people living in their homes contacted community-based health support services expresses gratification with their level of support. Quality of life of older adult and older people covered with this approach improved. REFERENCES: Lakes District Health Board Needs Assessment Service Coordination by Sue Wilkie (22/05/2014) Retrieved July 31, 2014 from: http://www.lakesdhb.govt.nz/Article.aspx?ID=7609 NASCA Needs Assessment Service Coordination ( 2014 ) no dates no author Retrieved: August 01, 2014 from: http://www.nznasca.co.nz/services/ Ministry of Social Development Care Coordination Center for Older People Retrieved Ministry of Social Development (August 02,2014) from: https://www.msd.govt.nz/what-we-can-do/seniorcitizens/positive-ageing/goals/index.html Elder Workforce Alliance Care Coordination and Older Adults Brief by Eldercare Workforce Alliance (EWA) and National Coalition on Care Coordination Retrieved August 02, 2014 from: http://www.eldercareworkforce.org/research/issue-briefs/research:care-coordination-brief/

Othello †where Imagery Abounds :: Othello essays

Othello – where Imagery Abounds  Ã‚        Ã‚  Ã‚   The playwright William Shakespeare included plentiful imagery in the tragedy Othello. In this essay we shall analyze and comment on what is offered in the play.    H. S. Wilson in his book of literary criticism, On the Design of Shakespearean Tragedy, discusses the influence of the imagery of the play:    It has indeed been suggested that the logic of events in the play and of Othello’s relation to them implies Othello’s damnation, and that the implication is pressed home with particular power in the imagery. This last amounts to interpreting the suggestions of the imagery as a means of comment by the author – the analogy would be the choruses of Greek tragedy. It is true that the play contains many references to â€Å"heaven and hell and devils.† as Wilson Knight has pointed out. But Mr. Knight has wisely refrained from drawing the conclusion that Shakespeare means thus to comment upon Othello’s ultimate fate. (66)    The vulgar imagery of the ancient dominate the opening of the play. Francis Ferguson in â€Å"Two Worldviews Echo Each Other† describes the types of imagery used by the antagonist when he â€Å"slips his mask aside† while awakening Brabantio:    Iago is letting loose the wicked passion inside him, as he does from time to time throughout the play, when he slips his mask aside. At such moments he always resorts to this imagery of money-bags, treachery, and animal lust and violence. So he expresses his own faithless, envious spirit, and, by the same token, his vision of the populous city of Venice – Iago’s â€Å"world,† as it has been called. . . .(132)    Standing outside the senator’s home late at night, Iago uses imagery within a lie to arouse the occupant: â€Å" Awake! what, ho, Brabantio! thieves! thieves! thieves! / Look to your house, your daughter and your bags!† When the senator appears at the window, the ancient continues with coarse imagery of animal lust: â€Å"Even now, now, very now, an old black ram / Is topping your white ewe,† and â€Å"you'll have your daughter covered with a Barbary horse; you'll have your nephews neigh to you; you'll have coursers for cousins and gennets for germans.† Brabantio, judging from Iago’s language, rightfully concludes that the latter is a â€Å"profane wretch† and a â€Å"villain.†    When Iago returns to the Moor, he resorts to violence in his description of the senator, saying that â€Å"nine or ten times / I had thought to have yerk'd him here under the ribs.

Do Video Games Kill Essay

According to the article â€Å"Do Video Games Kill?† author, Karen Sternheimer, brings up an interesting and controversial subject about video games. â€Å"If we want to understand why young people, particularly middle class or other stable environments, become homicidal, we need to look beyond the games they play.† Sternheimer starts her article by giving an example of the video game â€Å"Doom† that became a target for critics. Shooting at the schools in Kentucky, Oregon, and Colorado were most probably caused by video games. The author sticks to this explanation because of many influential opinions from politicians, news, and different groups of people. Media is providing information to the public about shooters being the ones who are playing video games. The politicians, as well as the FBI are claiming that the only logical explanation for people committing irrational decisions and exhibit aggressions is playing violent games. Those video games have represented a variety of social anxieties such as computer technology, the ability of adults to control what young people do and know. In addition, politicians came up with an idea that everything video games contain are immorality and crime. As mentioned above, politicians are not the only ones, who are blaming video games as a cause of every crime and abnormal behavior of people. After shootings at schools in many places throughout America, political intervention accelerates newspapers and news immediately to respond to those incidents by blaming the use of video games. Famous newspapers such as New York Times, Pittsburgh Post-Gazette, are making headlines, in which they are accusing â€Å"Days of Doom† of the shooting. Media created fear among people, who tend to connect negative sides of media to major issues. Sternheimer argues that you cannot blame the producers and manufactures of things that had caused harm to others. It is the people who cause the harm not the video games themselves. The author tried to explain to people to look deeper for the cause, other than to just blame video games. Although people have tried to sue the producers and manufactures, they have not won their cases in the courts.

Too Big To Fail

The idea that a business has become so large and ingrained in the economy that the government will provide assistance to prevent its failure. â€Å"Too big to fail† describes the belief that if an enormous company fails, it will have a disastrous ripple effect through shout the economy. The idea of too big to fail should never be possible. No single financial institute should have the power of bringing down our entire economy. The taxpayers should not have to be worried about whether or not their money is safe. There obviously has been a lack of leadership going wrought the economic system.If there were strong leaders put in place originally to deal with this situation, then so many things could have been prevented. A crisis that nearly destroyed our nation would have never even made it to the surface. I blame the lack of leadership for the economical scare. The worlds leaders should have been containing the problem as it started instead of allowing it to get that big and pote ntially blowing up. Fannies Mae and Freddie Mac could have been saved. But instead each bank was focused on their own needs which is understandable and appropriate.But since they were intertwined so heavily was no longer an option. These institutes should have kept their distance to prevent something from happening. Our economical leaders should have practiced better leadership skills and not but all our dollars in one basket. Because just like in 2008, if any piece of that basket were to break or be destroyed we all would go down. The buyout may have worked this time, but that is simple a patch on the service of our overall problem. Get some strong leaders in those seats and all these problem might just go away. Too Big To Fail The idea that a business has become so large and ingrained in the economy that the government will provide assistance to prevent its failure. â€Å"Too big to fail† describes the belief that if an enormous company fails, it will have a disastrous ripple effect through shout the economy. The idea of too big to fail should never be possible. No single financial institute should have the power of bringing down our entire economy. The taxpayers should not have to be worried about whether or not their money is safe. There obviously has been a lack of leadership going wrought the economic system.If there were strong leaders put in place originally to deal with this situation, then so many things could have been prevented. A crisis that nearly destroyed our nation would have never even made it to the surface. I blame the lack of leadership for the economical scare. The worlds leaders should have been containing the problem as it started instead of allowing it to get that big and pote ntially blowing up. Fannies Mae and Freddie Mac could have been saved. But instead each bank was focused on their own needs which is understandable and appropriate.But since they were intertwined so heavily was no longer an option. These institutes should have kept their distance to prevent something from happening. Our economical leaders should have practiced better leadership skills and not but all our dollars in one basket. Because just like in 2008, if any piece of that basket were to break or be destroyed we all would go down. The buyout may have worked this time, but that is simple a patch on the service of our overall problem. Get some strong leaders in those seats and all these problem might just go away.